They acquired social tolerance to humans and cooperated with humans by assisting in hunting and guarding. Dogs, domesticated approximately 15,000 years ago, were the first animals domesticated from wild species ( Freedman and Wayne, 2017). Finally, we present a research approach to multimodal interactions between dogs/cats and humans that participate in communication and bond formation.ĭogs ( Canis familiaris) and cats ( Felis silvestris catus) are the closest animals living with humans. We discuss how the function of the gaze goes beyond communication to mutual emotional connection, namely “bond” formation. This review focuses on “gaze,” which is an important signal for humans and describes the communicative function of dogs’ and cats’ eye-gaze behavior with humans. The coexistence between dogs/cats and humans is based on non-verbal communication. Although the domestication of dogs followed a different path from that of cats, and they have ancestors of a different nature, both have been broadly integrated into-and profoundly impacted-human society. In contrast, cats were domesticated as predators of rodents and lived near human habitations when humans began to settle and farm. Dogs were the first domesticated animals, cooperating with humans by hunting and guarding. 2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japanĭogs ( Canis familiaris) and cats ( Felis silvestris catus) have been domesticated through different processes.1Laboratory of Human-Animal Interaction and Reciprocity, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan.Hikari Koyasu 1,2, Takefumi Kikusui 1, Saho Takagi 1,2 and Miho Nagasawa 1*

Level 144 meow match